How to Build a Fence: Step-by-Step Guide

By Ruth Fence and Deck · 2026-07-16 · Louisville, KY

Every week we talk to homeowners who are trying to decide whether to build a fence themselves or hire it out. There's nothing wrong with wanting to try it — a basic fence isn't rocket science. But there's a real difference between the steps on paper and getting a fence that's still standing straight in ten years.

Here's the honest, step-by-step process, including the parts that trip most DIYers up.

Step 1: Confirm Your Property Line

Before anything else, know exactly where your property line is. A survey or plat map is the only way to be sure — pacing it off from a neighbor's fence or a guess based on old landscaping is how property line disputes start. If you don't have a survey, your county property records office can usually point you to one on file.

Step 2: Call Before You Dig

Call Kentucky 811 (or Indiana 811 across the river) at least a few business days before you plan to dig. They'll mark underground gas, electric, water, and cable lines for free. Skipping this step is how people end up with an expensive, dangerous mistake.

Step 3: Check HOA Rules and Pull a Permit

Louisville-Jefferson County requires a permit for most residential fences, and HOAs often have their own height, material, and setback rules on top of that. Sort this out before you buy materials — reworking a fence that violates code or an HOA rule is expensive and avoidable.

Step 4: Plan Layout and Materials

Measure your fence line, decide on height and material, and calculate post spacing (typically 6-8 feet apart for wood). This is also the point to decide on gate locations — plan for at least one gate wide enough for lawn equipment.

Step 5: Set the Posts

  1. Dig post holes below the frost line and wide enough for a few inches of concrete on all sides
  2. Set the post, plumb it with a level on two adjacent sides
  3. Pour concrete around the post and brace it in place while it cures
  4. Let concrete cure 24-48 hours before putting any load on the post
From Our Experience

Post setting is where almost every DIY fence goes wrong. A post that's slightly out of plumb doesn't look like a problem on day one — but six months later, when the rest of the fence is hung off it, that lean is obvious and there's no fixing it without pulling the post. Take the extra ten minutes per post to get it plumb before the concrete sets.

Step 6: Install Rails and Frame

Attach horizontal rails between the posts — typically two or three per section depending on fence height. This is the structural frame that the pickets or panels attach to, so it needs to be level and securely fastened.

Step 7: Attach Pickets or Panels

With the frame up, this is the most visible — and most time-consuming — part of the job. Use a spacer block to keep gaps consistent, and check for plumb every few boards so small errors don't compound down the fence line.

Step 8: Hang Gates

Gates need their own bracing since they're the only moving part of the fence and take the most stress over time. A sagging gate almost always means the hinge post wasn't set deep enough or braced well.

Step 9: Stain or Seal

Pressure-treated wood needs to dry out for a few months before stain will penetrate properly. Cedar can be stained almost right away. Either way, staining protects the wood and is far cheaper than replacing boards down the road — see our post on why staining matters.

When It Makes Sense to Call a Pro

If you're weighing DIY against hiring it out, our fence cost guide breaks down what professional installation actually runs by material.

Want It Done Right the First Time?

Ruth Fence and Deck installs fences throughout Louisville KY and Southern Indiana. Family-owned, licensed & insured, 15 years experience, free estimates.

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